Space Never Fails to Blow My Mind, 2nd Edition

Open Carry · Mar 30, 2017

Mission accomplished. They successfully launched and landed a rocket booster that had previously been used. The second time this booster has landed. We just witnessed history.

Bruce Wayne · Mar 30, 2017

Fantastic

Jt272929 · Mar 30, 2017

Its crazy to think how in 5-10 years we will just think this is normal, but this is so huge!

southlick · Mar 30, 2017

A recycled SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket soars toward space above a Virgin Airlines passenger jet, which had just departed Orlando International Airport, in Orlando, Florida, March 30, 2017. The launch marked the first time ever that a rocket was reused for spaceflight.

a.tramp · Apr 2, 2017

New Study Suggests 68 Percent Of The Universe May Not Actually Exist

http://www.physics-astronomy.com/2017/04/new-study-suggests-68-percent-of.html?m=1#.WOG3dfdOnqB

What does this even mean?

Can I Spliff it · Apr 2, 2017

a.tramp said: ↑

New Study Suggests 68 Percent Of The Universe May Not Actually Exist

http://www.physics-astronomy.com/2017/04/new-study-suggests-68-percent-of.html?m=1#.WOG3dfdOnqB

What does this even mean?
Click to expand...

Just means they built a model of the universe that needn't have dark energy

derfish · Apr 3, 2017

Larry Sura said: ↑

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/30/scientists-peru-successfully-grow-potato-mars-simulator/

This is awesome, I'm glad we didn't trust the Irish with this experiment.

Hope in human life on Mars rises as scientists in Peru successfully grow a potato in Mars simulator

In a lab in the Peruvian capital of Lima, a simulator mimicking the harsh conditions found on Mars now contains a hint of life: a nascent potato plant.

After experimenting in the Andean nation's dry, desert soil, scientists have successfully grown a potato in frigid, high carbon-dioxide surroundings.

A potato plant grows inside a Mars simulator in Lima, Peru CREDIT: AP
Though still in early stages, investigators at the International Potato Center believe the initial results are a promising indicator that potatoes might one day be harvested under conditions as hostile as those on Mars.

The findings could benefit not only future Mars exploration, but also arid regions already feeling the impact of climate change.

"It's not only about bringing potatoes to Mars, but also finding a potato that can resist non-cultivable areas on Earth," said Julio Valdivia, an astrobiologist with Peru's University of Engineering and Technology who is working with NASA on the project.

Peruvian scientist David Ramirez points to a potato plant in a simulator akin to a Mars' conditions, in Lima, Peru CREDIT: AP
The experiment began in 2016 - a year after the Hollywood film "The Martian" showed a stranded astronaut surviving by figuring out how to grow potatoes on the red planet.

Peruvian scientists built a simulator akin to a Mars-in-a-box: Frosty below-zero temperatures, high carbon monoxide concentrations, the air pressure found at 6,000 meters (19,700 feet) altitude and a system of lights imitating the Martian day and night.

Though thousands of miles away from colleagues at Nasa's Ames Research Center in California providing designs and advice, Peru was in many ways an apt location to experiment with growing potatoes on Mars.

The birthplace of the domesticated potato lies high in the Andes near Lake Titicaca, where it was first grown about 7,000 years ago. More than 4,000 varieties are grown in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, where potatoes have sprouted even in cold, barren lands.

CREDIT: ANDREW CROWLEY
The Peruvian scientists didn't have to go far to find high-salinity soil similar to that found on Mars, though with some of the organic material Mars lacks: Pampas de la Joya along the country's southern coast receives less than a millimeter of rain a year, making its terrain somewhat comparable to the Red Planet's parched ground.

International Potato Center researchers transported 700 kilos (1,540 pounds) of the soil to Lima, planted 65 varieties and waited. In the end, just four sprouted from the soil.

In a second stage, scientists planted one of the most robust varieties in the even more extreme conditions of the simulator, with the soil - Mars has no organic soil - replaced by crushed rock and a nutrient solution.

Live-streaming cameras caught every tiny movement as a bud sprouted and grew several leaves while sensors provided around-the-clock monitoring of simulator conditions.

The winning potato: A variety called "Unique."

"It's a 'super potato' that resists very high carbon dioxide conditions and temperatures that get to freezing," Valdivia said.

A potato plant grows inside a Mars simulator in Lima, Peru CREDIT: AP
NASA itself also has been doing experiments on extraterrestrial agriculture, both for use on spacecraft and perhaps on Mars.

Ray Wheeler, the lead for advanced life support research activities at Nasa's Kennedy Space Center, said plant survival in the open on Mars would be impossible given the planet's low-pressure, cold temperature and lack of oxygen, but showing plants could survive in a greenhouse-type environment with reduced pressure and high carbon-dioxide levels could potentially reduce operating costs. Most research on growing plants in space has focused on optimizing environments to get high outputs of oxygen and food.

"But understanding the lower limits of survival is also important, especially if you consider pre-deploying some sort of plant growth systems before humans arrive," he said.

In the next stage of the experiment, scientists will build three more simulators to grow potato plants under extreme conditions with the hope of gaining a broader range of results. They will also need to increase the carbon dioxide concentrations to more closely imitate the Martian atmosphere.

Click to expand...

Matt Damon did that like two years ago. Get with the program, Peru.

je ne suis pas ici · Apr 3, 2017

Fuck you mars

Larry Sura · Apr 4, 2017

This is very exciting, but it may have been discussed already. There are pictures in the link.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/starts...-of-a-black-holes-event-horizon/#62133c47539d

Perhaps gravity's oddest prediction is the existence of black holes: regions of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. Only through gravitational effects, such as by influencing stars, have they ever been seen. X-ray signatures can locate and be used to weigh black holes as well, but that evidence is indirect. Actively merging black holes can be detected through their gravitational waves, but cannot produce direct images. But all of that is about to change, with the impending activation of the Event Horizon Telescope. Instead of a single telescope, 15-to-20 radio telescopes are arrayed across the globe, observing the same target simultaneously. With up to 12,000 kilometers separating the most distant telescopes, objects as small as 15 microarcseconds (μas) can be resolved: the size of a fly on the Moon. The largest black hole as viewed from Earth is Sagittarius A*: at the center of the Milky Way. Despite being 26,000 light years away, its mass of 4 million Suns gives it an angular size of 37 μas. The Event Horizon Telescope turns on this week. For the first time ever, we will directly image a black hole, testing whether event horizons truly exist.
Click to expand...

Heavy Mental · Apr 5, 2017

Pump the brakes on TRAPPIST-1.

bummer.

http://www.sciencealert.com/bad-news-humans-trappist-1-is-not-the-alien-paradise-we-were-hoping-for

And the researchers go so far as to say the solar storms caused by TRAPPIST-1 's flares would be hundreds or thousands of times more powerful than the storms that hit Earth.

According to a separate study released last year, it would take 30,000 years for a planet's atmosphere to stablise after one of these powerful flares - so they're not getting much done in just 28 hours.

On top of all of that, the planets in the TRAPPIST-1 star system are much closer to their star than we are to our Sun.

That means this relentless bombardment would likely destroy any stability in their atmospheres, making it very difficult for even the most primitive life to get a foothold.

"The frequent strong flares of TRAPPIST-1 are probably disadvantageous for hosting life on the orbiting exoplanets, as the atmospheres of the exoplanets are constantly altered and cannot return to a steady state," the team concludes.

Heavy Mental · Apr 11, 2017

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/...ies-in-news-conference-on-oceans-beyond-earth

NASA to Reveal New Discoveries in News Conference on Oceans Beyond Earth
NASA will discuss new results about ocean worlds in our solar system from the agency’s Cassini spacecraft and the Hubble Space Telescope during a news briefing 2 p.m. EDT on Thursday, April 13. The event, to be held at the James Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in Washington, will include remote participation from experts across the country.

The briefing will be broadcast live on NASA Television and the agency's website.

These new discoveries will help inform future ocean world exploration -- including NASA’s upcoming Europa Clipper mission planned for launch in the 2020s -- and the broader search for life beyond Earth.

Shawn Hunter · Apr 11, 2017

Heavy Mental said: ↑

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/...ies-in-news-conference-on-oceans-beyond-earth

NASA to Reveal New Discoveries in News Conference on Oceans Beyond Earth
NASA will discuss new results about ocean worlds in our solar system from the agency’s Cassini spacecraft and the Hubble Space Telescope during a news briefing 2 p.m. EDT on Thursday, April 13. The event, to be held at the James Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in Washington, will include remote participation from experts across the country.

The briefing will be broadcast live on NASA Television and the agency's website.

These new discoveries will help inform future ocean world exploration -- including NASA’s upcoming Europa Clipper mission planned for launch in the 2020s -- and the broader search for life beyond Earth.
Click to expand...

pearl · Apr 11, 2017

Teflon Queen · Apr 13, 2017

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/201...jor-discovery-ocean-worlds-search-alien-life/

Shawn Hunter · Apr 13, 2017

Dairy Queen said: ↑

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/201...jor-discovery-ocean-worlds-search-alien-life/
Click to expand...

Illinihockey · Apr 13, 2017

Ok, lets get some ice subs there

Larry Sura · Apr 13, 2017

http://www.wired.co.uk/article/dark-matter-bridge

A dark matter 'bridge' holding galaxies together has been captured for the first time

Researchers at the University of Waterloo used a technique known as weak gravitational lensing to create a composite image of the bridge

By VICTORIA WOOLLASTON
Thursday 13 April 2017

University of Waterloo
The first image of a dark matter "bridge", believed to form the links between galaxies, has been captured by astrophysicists in Canada.

black hole, or in this case, dark matter.

Universe's dark matter skeleton spotted for the first time

Universe's dark matter skeleton spotted for the first time
Their composite image was made up of a combination of combined lensing images taken of more than 23,000 galaxy pairs, spotted 4.5 billion light-years away. This effect was measured from a multi-year sky survey at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope.

This is the most detailed 'map' of dark matter ever seen

This is the most detailed 'map' of dark matter ever seen
By ABIGAIL BEALL
These results show that the dark matterfilament bridge is strongest between systems less than 40 million light years apart, and confirms predictions that galaxies across the Universe are tied together through a cosmic web of the elusive substance.

Dark matter is a mysterious element said to make up around 84 per cent of the Universe. It's known as "dark" because it doesn't shine, absorb or reflect light, which has traditionally made it largely undetectable, except through gravity and gravitational lensing. Evidence for the existence of this form of matter comes, among other things, from the astrophysical observation of galaxies, which rotate far too rapidly to be held together only by the gravitational pull of the visible matter.

Astrophysics has long proposed the Universe's web of stars and galaxies is supported by a "cosmic scaffolding" made up of fine threads of this invisible dark matter. These threadlike strands formed just after the Big Bang when denser portions of the Universe drew in dark matter until it collapsed and formed flat disks, which featured fine filaments of dark matter at their joins. At the cross-section of these filaments, galaxies formed.

By ABIGAIL BEALL

University of Waterloo
"For decades, researchers have been predicting the existence of dark matter filaments between galaxies that act like a web-like superstructure connecting galaxies together," said Mike Hudson, a professor of astronomy at the University of Waterloo in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. "This image moves us beyond predictions to something we can see and measure."

"By using this technique, we're not only able to see that these dark matter filaments in the Universe exist, we're able to see the extent to which these filaments connect galaxies together," said co-author Seth Epps.

WHAT IS DARK MATTER?
Dark matter is an invisible form of matter which, until now, has only revealed itself through its gravitational effects.
Evidence for the existence of this form of matter comes, among other things, from the astrophysical observation of galaxies, which rotate far too rapidly to be held together only by the gravitational pull of the visible matter.
High-precision measurements using the European satellite Planck show that almost 85 percent of the entire mass of the universe consists of dark matter.
All the stars, planets, nebulae and other objects in space that are made of conventional matter account for no more than 15 percent of the mass of the universe.
The unknown form of matter can either consist of comparatively few, but very heavy particles, or of a large number of light ones.
One of the possible candidates for dark matter is a particle called the axion, first proposed in 1977. It appears in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. Astronomers believe that if axions make up dark matter, they could be detected through gravitational waves. This is because axions accelerated by a black hole would give off gravitational waves, just as electrons give off electromagnetic waves.

What are gravitational waves? WIRED explains Einstein's theory

What are gravitational waves? WIRED explains Einstein's theory

Science

13 Feb 2017

Ligo – and the upcoming Advanced Ligo (Ligo) –
may be able to see gravitational waves (GWs) from thousands of black hole (BH) mergers which would mark the beginning of a new precision tool for physics.

Physicists have a general idea about what the dark matter particle looks like but are struggling to build a clear picture. They can track the distribution of dark matter throughout the galaxy by examining how galaxies move, but can't pinpoint its exact location or design.

Earlier this year, Priyamvada Natarajan, a professor of astrophysics at Yale University, and her team brought the search for dark matter a step forward by creating the most detailed map of dark matter ever created. The map looks like an alien landscape, with uneven peaks and troughs scattered throughout. There are gentle mounds, on top of which sharp peaks arise, like the inside of a cave covered in stalactites.
Click to expand...

Popovio · Apr 21, 2017

Sunset on Mars.

Heavy Mental · Apr 21, 2017

that is so rad. wow.

pearl · Apr 22, 2017

Kevintensity · Apr 24, 2017

Bruce Wayne · Apr 24, 2017

Shawn Hunter · Apr 24, 2017

How is that space related?

MORBO! · Apr 24, 2017

The universe revolves around Amber Heard?

boone · Apr 24, 2017

shes a flat earther.

MORBO! · Apr 24, 2017

boone said: ↑

shes a flat earther.
Click to expand...

Is she really?

Larry Sura · Apr 24, 2017

Neat follow up to the article I posted the other week about photographing the event horizon of a black hole.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/starts...k-holes-event-horizon-look-like/#78e852a27107

Ask Ethan: What Should A Black Hole's Event Horizon Look Like?

Starts With A Bang
The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it
Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own.
Ethan Siegel, Contributor

NASA/JPL-Caltech

An illustration of a black hole. Despite how dark it is, all black holes are thought to have formed from normal matter alone, but illustrations like these are only partially accurate.

Earlier this month, telescopes from all around the world took data, simultaneously, of the Milky Way's central black hole. Of all the black holes that are known in the Universe, the one at our galactic center -- Sagittarius A* -- is special. From our point of view, its event horizon is the largest of all black holes. It's so large that telescopes positioned at different locations on Earth should be able to directly image it, if they all viewed it simultaneously. While it will take months to combine and analyze the data from all the different telescopes, we should get our first image of an event horizon by the end of 2017. So what will it looks like? That's the question of Dan Barrett, who's seen some illustrations and is a bit puzzled:

Shouldn't the event horizon completely surround the black hole like an egg shell? All the artist renderings of a black hole are like slicing a hard boiled egg in half and showing that image. How is it that the event horizon does not completely surround the black hole?

There are a few different classes of illustrations floating around, to be sure. But which ones, if any, are correct?

Victor de Schwanberg

Artwork illustrating a simple black circle, perhaps with a ring around it, is an oversimplified picture of what an event horizon looks like.

The oldest type of illustration is simply a circular, black disk, blocking out all the background light from behind it. This makes sense if you think about what a black hole actually is: a collection of mass that's so great and so compact that the escape velocity from its surface is greater than the speed of light! Since nothing can move that quickly, not even the forces or interactions between the particles inside the black hole, the inside of a black hole collapses to a singularity, and an event horizon is created around the black hole. From this spherical region of space, no light can escape, and so it should appear as a black circle, from any perspective, superimposed on the background of the Universe.

Ute Kraus, Physics education group Kraus / Axel Mellinger

A black hole isn't just a mass superimposed over an isolated background, but will exhibit gravitational effects that stretch, magnify and distort background light due to gravitational lensing.

But there's more to the story than that. Because of their gravity, black holes will magnify and distort any background light, due to the effect of gravitational lensing. This is a more detailed and accurate illustration of what a black hole looks like, as it also possesses an apparent event horizon sized appropriately with the curvature of space in General Relativity.

Unfortunately, these illustrations are flawed, too: they fail to account for foreground material and for accretion around the black hole. Some illustrations, though, do successfully add these in.

Mark A. Garlick

An illustration of an active black hole, one that accretes matter and accelerates a portion of it outwards in two perpendicular jets, may describe the black hole at the center of our galaxy in many regards.

Because of their tremendous gravitational effects, black holes will form accretion disks in the presence of other sources of matter. Asteroids, gas clouds, or even entire stars will be torn apart by the tidal forces coming from an object as massive as a black hole. Due to the conservation of angular momentum, and of collisions between the various infalling particles, a disk-like object will emerge around the black hole, which will heat up and emit radiation. In the innermost regions, particles occasionally fall in, adding to the mass of the black hole, while the material in front of the black hole will obscure part of the sphere/circle you'd otherwise see.

But the event horizon itself isn't transparent, and you shouldn't be able to see the matter behind it.

Interstellar / R. Hurt / Caltech

The black hole, as illustrated in the movie Interstellar, shows an event horizon fairly accurately for a very specific class of rotating black holes.

It might seem surprising that a Hollywood film -- Interstellar -- has a more accurate illustration of a black hole than many of the professional pieces of artwork created for/by NASA, but misconceptions abound, even among professionals, when it comes to black holes. Black holes don't suck matter in; they simply gravitate. Black holes don't tear things apart because of any extra force; it's simply tidal forces -- where one part of the infalling object is closer to the center than another -- that does it. And most importantly, black holes rarely exist in a "naked" state, but rather exist in the vicinity of other matter, such as at the center of our galaxy.

X-ray: NASA/UMass/D.Wang et al., IR: NASA/STScI

An X-ray / Infrared composite image of the black hole at the center of our galaxy: Sagittarius A*. It has a mass of about four million Suns, and is found surrounded by hot, X-ray emitting gas.

So with all of that in mind, what are the hard-boiled-egg images that have been going around? Remember, we can't image the black hole itself, because it doesn't emit light! All we can do is look at a particular wavelength, and see a combination of the emitting light that comes from around, behind and in front of the black hole itself. The expected signal, indeed, does resemble a split hard-boiled egg.

High-Angular-Resolution and High-Sensitivity Science Enabled by Beamformed ALMA, V. Fish et al., arXiv:1309.3519

Some of the possible profile signals of the black hole's event horizon as simulations of the Event Horizon Telescope indicate.

This has to do with what it is we're imaging. We can't look in X-rays, because there are simply too few X-ray photons overall. We can't look in visible light, because the galactic center is opaque it it. And we can't look in the infrared, because the atmosphere blocks infrared light. But what we can do is look in the radio, and we can do it all over the world, simulataneously, to get the optimal resolution possible.

APEX, IRAM, G. Narayanan, J. McMahon, JCMT/JAC, S. Hostler, D. Harvey, ESO/C. Malin

A view of the components of the Event Horizon Telescope from one hemisphere.

The black hole at the galactic center has an angular size of about 37 micro-arc-seconds, while the resolution of this telescope array is around 15 micro-arc-seconds, so we should be able to see it! At radio frequencies, the overwhelming majority of that radiation comes from charged matter particles being accelerated around the black hole. We don't know how the disk will be oriented, whether there will be multiple disks, whether it will be more like a swarm of bees or more like a compact disk. We also don't know whether it will prefer one "side" of the black hole, as viewed from our perspective, over another.

GRMHD simulations of visibility amplitude variability for Event Horizon Telescope images of Sgr A*, L. Medeiros et al., arXiv:1601.06799

Five different simulations in general relativity, using a magnetohydrodynamic model of the black hole's accretion disk, and how the radio signal will look as a result.

We fully expect the event horizon to be real, to be of a specific size, and to block all the light coming from behind it. But we also expect that there will be some signal in front of it, that the signal will be messy due to the messy environment around the black hole, and that the orientation of the disk with respect to the black hole will play an important role in determining what we see.

One side is brighter as the disk rotates towards us; one side is fainter as the disk rotates away. The entire "outline" of the event horizon may be visible as well, thanks to the effect of gravitational lensing. Perhaps most importantly, whether the disk is seen "edge-on" or "face-on" with respect to us will drastically alter the signal, as the 1st and 3rd panels below illustrate.

'Toward the event horizon—the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center', Class. Quantum Grav., Falcke & Markoff (2013)

The orientation of the accretion disk as either face-on (left two panels) or edge-on (right two panels) can vastly alter how the black hole appears to us.

There are other effects we can test for, including:

whether the black hole has the right size as predicted by general relativity,

whether the event horizon is circular (as predicted), or oblate or prolate instead,

whether the radio emissions extend farther than we thought,

or whether there are any other deviations from the expected behavior. This is a brand new frontier in physics, and we're poised to actually test it directly. One thing's for certain: no matter what it is that the Event Horizon Telescope sees, we're bound to learn something new and wonderful about some of the most extreme objects and conditions in the Universe!
Click to expand...

This piece is also further evidence that Interstellar is the goat space movie, especially ahead of Arrival.

je ne suis pas ici · Apr 24, 2017

good book

first 6-8 chapters on general relativity, speeds, basic wormhole stuff and how planets can survive near a blackhole

last part of the book dealing with the science of tidal forces, how to orbit a rotating black hole, and quantum mechanics

je ne suis pas ici · Apr 24, 2017

kip thorne writing out the gravity equation (which is, of course, completely real)

Teflon Queen · Apr 24, 2017

Larry Sura said: ↑

This piece is also further evidence that Interstellar is the goat space movie,
Click to expand...

2001 will always shit all over Interstellar

Larry Sura · Apr 24, 2017

Dairy Queen said: ↑

2001 will always shit all over Interstellar
Click to expand...

I can live with this opinion, and may even agree. I cannot, however, understand the lovefest for goodnotgreat Arrival.

je ne suis pas ici · Apr 24, 2017

Larry Sura said: ↑

I can live with this opinion, and may even agree. I cannot, however, understand the lovefest for goodnotgreat Arrival.
Click to expand...

The martian >>>> contact >>>>>> arrival

MORBO! · Apr 24, 2017

Space jam >>>>>>>>

Magneto · Apr 24, 2017

Carl Sagan's Cosmos is having a marathon stream on Twitch.

Popovio · Apr 25, 2017

Pluto's got some pretty dramatic mountain ranges.

Kevintensity · Apr 25, 2017

By our lifetimes, let's say 2075 would put me about 90, how many non-Earth planets/moons/celestial bodies do humans set foot on? Over under 1.5

Larry Sura · Apr 25, 2017

Hopefully by then we'll have at least matched NKorea by also putting a man on the Sun.

UnicornDickslam · Apr 25, 2017

Kevintensity said: ↑

By our lifetimes, let's say 2075 would put me about 90, how many non-Earth planets/moons/celestial bodies do humans set foot on? Over under 1.5
Click to expand...

Under

shawnoc · Apr 25, 2017

Kevintensity said: ↑

By our lifetimes, let's say 2075 would put me about 90, how many non-Earth planets/moons/celestial bodies do humans set foot on? Over under 1.5
Click to expand...

Are we counting the moon as 1 even if we don't go back?

Shawn Hunter · Apr 25, 2017

Kevintensity said: ↑

By our lifetimes, let's say 2075 would put me about 90, how many non-Earth planets/moons/celestial bodies do humans set foot on? Over under 1.5
Click to expand...

shawnoc said: ↑

Are we counting the moon as 1 even if we don't go back?
Click to expand...

Our moon isn't a non-Earth moon

shawnoc · Apr 25, 2017

Triple Double said: ↑

Our moon isn't a non-Earth moon
Click to expand...

It's not the Earth.

Shawn Hunter · Apr 25, 2017

shawnoc said: ↑

It's not the Earth.
Click to expand...

It's Earth's moon, therefore it doesn't qualify as a non-earth moon.

shawnoc · Apr 25, 2017

Triple Double said: ↑

It's Earth's moon, therefore it doesn't qualify as a non-earth moon.
Click to expand...

Yeah, I know - I read it wrong the first time so I doubled down.
I don't ever see us going to the belt and Mars' moons aren't that stable, so I'll take the under.

Bruce Wayne · Apr 26, 2017

shawnoc said: ↑

Yeah, I know - I read it wrong the first time so I doubled down.
I don't ever see us going to the belt and Mars' moons aren't that stable, so I'll take the under.
Click to expand...

Non-earth PLANET/moon/CELESTIAL BODY

shawnoc · Apr 26, 2017

Bruce Wayne said: ↑

Non-earth PLANET/moon/CELESTIAL BODY
Click to expand...

So I guess I'm the moron again...
How many Planets and or Celestial bodies are there outside of the Earth, the Moon, Mars, its two moons, and asteroids in the belt that are reasonably reachable by humans before 2075?
Am I missing one?

Illinihockey · Apr 26, 2017

shawnoc said: ↑

So I guess I'm the moron again...
How many Planets and or Celestial bodies are there outside of the Earth, the Moon, Mars, its two moons, and asteroids in the belt that are reasonably reachable by humans before 2075?
Am I missing one?
Click to expand...

We've landed robots on comets

BP · Apr 27, 2017

Swim Cantore said: ↑

The martian >>>> contact >>>>>> arrival
Click to expand...

Event Horizon. That is all.

Merica · Apr 27, 2017

Kevintensity said: ↑

By our lifetimes, let's say 2075 would put me about 90, how many non-Earth planets/moons/celestial bodies do humans set foot on? Over under 1.5
Click to expand...

Mars and a comet. Not sure if we'll ever set foot there but I'd imagine we'll have robots all over Europa and Titan. You gotta wonder how advanced virtual reality will be at that point and whether we'd even need a human there to really experience it.

southlick · Apr 27, 2017

Bruce Wayne · May 1, 2017

SpaceX with another successful Falcon 9 launch and recovery

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Bruce Wayne Billionaire Playboy
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southlick "Better Than You"
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a.tramp Insubordinate and churlish
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Can I Spliff it Is Butterbean okay?
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derfish Well-Known Member
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je ne suis pas ici Well-Known Member
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Larry Sura Tuyuq. Fratzy
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Heavy Mental non serviam
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Heavy Mental non serviam
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Shawn Hunter Vote Corey Matthews for Congress
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pearl Fan of: White wimmens feet
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Teflon Queen The mentally ill sit perfectly still
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Shawn Hunter Vote Corey Matthews for Congress
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Larry Sura Tuyuq. Fratzy
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Popovio The poster formerly known as "MouseCop"
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Heavy Mental non serviam
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pearl Fan of: White wimmens feet
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Kevintensity Poster/Posting Game Coordinator
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Bruce Wayne Billionaire Playboy
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Shawn Hunter Vote Corey Matthews for Congress
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MORBO! Hello, Tiny Man. I WILL DESTROY YOU!!!!
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boone Destination Unknown
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MORBO! Hello, Tiny Man. I WILL DESTROY YOU!!!!
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Larry Sura Tuyuq. Fratzy
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je ne suis pas ici Well-Known Member
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je ne suis pas ici Well-Known Member
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Teflon Queen The mentally ill sit perfectly still
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Larry Sura Tuyuq. Fratzy
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je ne suis pas ici Well-Known Member
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MORBO! Hello, Tiny Man. I WILL DESTROY YOU!!!!
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Magneto Thats right, formerly Don Brodka.
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Popovio The poster formerly known as "MouseCop"
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Kevintensity Poster/Posting Game Coordinator
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Larry Sura Tuyuq. Fratzy
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shawnoc My president is black, my logos are red...
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Shawn Hunter Vote Corey Matthews for Congress
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shawnoc My president is black, my logos are red...
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Shawn Hunter Vote Corey Matthews for Congress
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shawnoc My president is black, my logos are red...
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Bruce Wayne Billionaire Playboy
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shawnoc My president is black, my logos are red...
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BP Bout to Regulate.
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Merica Devine pls stop pointing out my demise. :(
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southlick "Better Than You"
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Bruce Wayne Billionaire Playboy
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